The Civil War Relicman, Harry Ridgeway.
	Winchester, Virginia USA (changed hands 70 times in the Civil War!).
	relicman.com.

Ridgeway Reference Archive, Civil War buttons.
Buttons from Texas.

This is the "Ridgeway Reference Archive", a research tool for educational purposes only, and is provided at no cost to the reader.   Some of the relics listed are retained in the author's collection, most reside in other collections and are not owned by the author.  None of the items listed in this section are for sale, please refer to relicman.com sales listings for items offered for sale.  This is a work in progress, I list items as I get to them, there are many patterns that are not listed yet, this list will be regularly updated as I get pictures and descriptions for more items.  I will also correct mistakes, so if you see any please tell me. All  items listed are believed to be authentic to the Civil War or as otherwise described.   Any excavated relics have been recovered from private property with owners permission.    This information is available for research purposes, pictures may be used by permission only.

Republic of Texas.

Republic of Texas button, Navy, lone start with anchor,  JML & W H Scovill, Extra Superfine, (21.2mm).
Button depicts "REPUBLIC OF TEXAS" along with the lone star and naval symbol of an anchor.  As an independent country, the Republic of Texas formed a navy to defend Galveston Bay against the Mexicans.  Backmark:  "J. M. L. & W. H. SCOVILL / (dot) WATERBURY (dot) / EXTRA SUPERFINE (dot) (star) (dot) (star) (dot) (star) (dot)" dm between solid ring, no outer ring, flat back, Scovill manufacture 1830's, (Scovill01).  Two part low convex button, coat size.
Ref: Albert TX1, Tice TX219A1.

B5322.     Republic of Texas button, Navy, lone start with anchor,  JML & W H Scovill, Extra Superfine, (21.2mm).

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Republic of Texas button, Infantry, Scovills Waterbury dm two inner rings of dots, (19.3mm).
Button depicts "REPUBLIC OF TEXAS" along with the lone star and raised I for infantry.  As an independent country, the Republic of Texas formed its own army to defend Texas against the Mexicans.  Backmark: "SCOVILLS / (dot) WATERBURY (dot) " dm, two inner rings of dots, ca 1830's, (Scovill24Coat).  Two part low convex button, coat size.
Ref: Albert TX10, Tice TX208.

B0087.     Republic of Texas button, Infantry, Scovills Waterbury dm two inner rings of dots, (19.3mm). Recovered: Texas.

B2264.     Republic of Texas button, Infantry, Scovills & Co Waterbury rmdc dots dividing, stippled channel, (19.3mm). Recovered: Fredericksburg, Virginia, by Dennis Cox Sr.

B3843.     Republic of Texas button, Dragoons, Scovills Waterbury rmdc dots dividing, (19.3mm). Recovered: Stafford County, Virginia.

State of Texas.

Texas button, state seal, Texas with wreath and star, officer staff, Extra Quality by Scovill, dm, (14.6mm)
Button depicts depicts state seal of Texas, the lone star, intended for officers of Texas militia units.  This pattern features a flat star surrounded by a wreath with "TEXAS".  Backmark: "EXTRA / (star) QUALITY (star)" dm inner solid ring, letters are not evenly spaced, used for small button only, Scovill manufacture ca 1860 (ExtraQ04small).  Three part officer staff button, hat or sleeve size.
Ref: Albert TX20, Tice TX230As2.

B5325.     Texas button, state seal, Texas with wreath and star, officer staff, Extra Quality by Scovill, dm, (14.6mm).

Texas button, state seal with "TEXAS", Extra Rich, (22mm).      
Button depicts the state seal of Texas, the lone star intended for Texas troops.  This pattern features flat star surrounded by "TEXAS" on lined field.  Backmark:  "EXTRA / (star) (star) (star)  RICH (star) (star) (star)" dm between two rings of dots, Scovill manufactured ca 1860, (ExtraR02).  Two part convex button, coat size.
Ref: Albert TX17, Tice TX234A2.

B6520.     Texas button, state seal with "TEXAS", Extra Rich, (22mm).

Texas button, state seal with "TEXAS", Hyde & Goodrich, (22mm).      
Button depicts the state seal of Texas, the lone star intended for Texas troops.  This pattern features flat star surrounded by "TEXAS" on lined field.  Backmark:  "HYDE & GOODRICH / (dot) NEW ORLEANS (dot) " dm, inner ring of dots, Scovill produced ca1860, (Hyde04).  Two part convex button, coat size.
Ref: Albert TX17, Tice TX234A1.

B4276.     Texas button, state seal with "TEXAS", Hyde & Goodrich, (22mm).       Recovered: Fredericksburg, Virginia.

B6486.     Texas button, state seal with "TEXAS", Hyde & Goodrich, (22mm).

B6519.     Texas button, state seal with "TEXAS", Hyde & Goodrich, (22mm).

Texas button, state seal with "TEXAS", Hyde & Goodrich, (13.7mm).      
Button depicts the state seal of Texas, the lone star intended for Texas troops.  This pattern features flat star surrounded by "TEXAS" on lined field.  Backmark: "HYDE & GOODRICH / N-O" dm, manufactured by Scovill for Hyde & Goodrich, a New Orleans outfitter, backmark is only used in small size buttons, (Hyde05Small).  Two part convex button, hat or sleeve size.
Ref: Albert TX17Av, Tice TX234As1.

B6084.     Texas button, state seal with "TEXAS", Hyde & Goodrich, (13.7mm).       Recovered: not known.

B6496.     Texas button, state seal with "TEXAS", Hyde & Goodrich, (13.7mm).

Texas button, state seal, flat star on lined field, high convex officer staff, Schuyler H & G New York, dm between rings, (22.4mm).
Button depicts depicts state seal of Texas, the lone star, intended for officers of Texas militia units.  Backmark:  "SCHUYLER H & G. / NEW - YORK.", dm between rings of dots, Scovill produced ca1860's, (Schuyler17).  Three part officer staff button, coat size.
Ref: Albert TX21, Tice TX232A2.

B6739.     Texas button, state seal, flat star on lined field, high convex officer staff, Schuyler H & G New York, dm between rings, (22.4mm).

B6740.     Texas button, state seal, flat star on lined field, high convex officer staff, Schuyler H & G New York, dm between rings, (22.4mm).

Texas cavalry button, state seal, "C" inside stippled star, flat field without border, Schuyler H &G, N York, (15.5mm).
Button depicts depicts state seal of Texas, the lone star, intended for officers of Texas militia units.  This pattern features "C" for Texas cavalry inside stippled star on plain background.  Backmark: "SCHUYLER H & G / N YORK." dm inner ring of dots partly obscured by shank well. Scovill produced ca 1860, for small buttons only, (Schuyler24Small).  Two part convex button, hat or sleeve size.
Ref: Albert TX22, Tice TX242As1.

B5326.     Texas cavalry button, state seal, "C" inside stippled star, flat field without border, Schuyler H &G, N York, (15.5mm).

Texas button, state seal, Texas with wreath and star, officer staff, Scovill Mfg Co Waterbury dm between rings, (22.5mm).
Button depicts depicts state sea of Texas, the lone star, intended for officers of Texas militia units.  This pattern features a flat star surrounded by a wreath with "TEXAS".  Backmark:  "SCOVILL MF'G CO, / WATERBURY." dm between two rings of dots, ca 1860's, (ScovillM310).  Three part officer staff button, coat size.
Ref: Albert TX20, Tice TX230A1.

B4998.     Texas button, state seal, Texas with wreath and star, officer staff, Scovill Mfg Co Waterbury dm between rings, (22.5mm).

Texas button, state seal, beveled star on lined field, low convex, Scovill Mfg Co., (14.4mm).
Button depicts depicts state seal of Texas, the lone star, intended for officers of Texas militia units.  This pattern features a beveled star on a lined field with a border.  Backmark:  "SCOVILL. / MFG. CO." dm no rings, used in small size only, ca 1860, (ScovillM420Small).  Two part low convex button, hat or sleeve size.
Ref: Albert TX, not listed, Tice TX236As1.

B5323.     Texas button, state seal, beveled star on lined field, low convex, Scovill Mfg Co., (14.4mm).

Texas button, state seal, flat star on lined field, low convex, Scovill Mfg Co., (14.4mm).
Button depicts depicts state seal of Texas, the lone star, intended for officers of Texas militia units.  This pattern features a flat star on a lined field with a border.  Backmark:  "SCOVILL. / MFG. CO." dm no rings, used in small size only, ca 1860, (ScovillM420Small).  Two part low convex button, hat or sleeve size.
Ref: Albert TX, Tice TX238As1.

B5324.     Texas button, state seal, flat star on lined field, low convex, Scovill Mfg Co., (14.4mm).

Texas button, state seal, flat star on lined field, high convex officer staff, Scovill Mfg Co. dm between rings, (22.4mm).
Button depicts depicts state seal of Texas, the lone star, intended for officers of Texas militia units.  Backmark:  "SCOVILL MF'G CO, / WATERBURY." dm between two rings of dots, ca 1860's, (ScovillM310).  Three part officer staff button, coat size.
Ref: Albert TX21, Tice TX232A1.

B6162.     Texas button, state seal, flat star on lined field, high convex officer staff, Scovill Mfg Co. dm between rings, (22.4mm).

Texas button, state seal, flat star on lined field, high convex officer staff, Scovill Mfg Co. dm inner ring, (15mm).
Button depicts depicts state seal of Texas, the lone star, intended for officers of Texas militia units.  Backmark: "SCOVILL MF'G. CO. / WATERBURY." dm inner ring of dots, inner solid ring is often obscured, small letters, made in small size only, this is abbreviated version of Scovill series of dm early 1860's buttons, (Scovill460Small).  Three part officer staff button, hat or sleeve size.
Ref: Albert TX21, Tice TX232As.

B4866.     Texas button, state seal, flat star on lined field, high convex officer staff, Scovill Mfg Co. dm inner ring, (15mm).

Texas button, state seal, flat star surrounded by "TEXAS" on lined field with border, blank iron back with inner ring, (23mm).
Button depicts depicts state seal of Texas, the lone star, intended for officers of Texas militia units.  This pattern features a flat star, "TEXAS" on a lined field, star is small and pattern was manufactured well after the Civil War.  Backmark:  Blank iron back, inner ring, late 19th century could be 20th century, (BlankNorth98).  Two part convex button, coat size.
Ref: Albert TX35, manufactured after the Civil War.

B4348.     Texas button, state seal, flat star surrounded by "TEXAS" on lined field with border, blank iron back with inner ring, (23mm).   manufactured after the Civil War.

Texas button, state seal, "Texas" around beveled star on plain field without border, southern wartime manufacture, high convex, blank back with channel, (21.1mm).
Button depicts the lone star attributed to Texas, southern wartime manufacture.  The design was modeled from a similar pre-war version.  Backmark:  blank depressed rounded channel, narrow area around shank with some variance of dimension, depressed well usually around the shank, copper or wire wire shank was fitted only and not brazed and is usually loose, likely the product of C Rouyer, New Orleans, (BlankSouthern340).  Two part convex button, coat size, crudely stamped and assembled southern "local", back is brass and not iron, shank was fitted and not brazed and will typically work loose. 
Ref: Albert TX24, Tice TX252A1.

B0089.     Texas button, state seal, "Texas" around beveled star on plain field without border, southern wartime manufacture, high convex, blank back with channel, (21.1mm).   Recovered Texas campaign.

Texas button, flat star lined field with border, southern wartime manufacture, low convex, blank back, (20.6mm).
Button depicts the lone star generally attributed to Texas, southern wartime manufacture.  The design was copied from a similar pre-war version.  Backmark:  blank back, slight concave channel, likely the product of one of the New Orleans producers, (BlankSouthern300).  Two part low convex button, coat size, crudely stamped and assembled southern "local".
Ref: Albert TX31A, Tice CS268A2.

B1906.     Texas button, flat star lined field with border, southern wartime manufacture, low convex, blank back, (20.6mm). Recovered: Texas Confederate camp.

B5357.     Texas button, flat star lined field with border, southern wartime manufacture, low convex, blank back, (20.6mm)

Texas button, Texas Cavalry, low convex one part cast brass, southern wartime manufacture by T. Miller, T Miller marked, (20mm).
Button depicts bold "C" on lined background with wide border, low convex cast bass button.  This is Confederate wartime manufacture for Texas cavalry.  Backmark: "T. MILLER HOUSTON" rm extremely crude casting, Confederate local produced by T E Miller, Houston, Texas, (Miller01).  One part cast button, low convex, back is concave, casting is crude southern "local", coat size. 
Ref: Albert CS143, Tice CSC280A1.

B4921.     Texas button, Texas Cavalry, low convex one part cast brass, southern wartime manufacture by T. Miller, T Miller marked, (20mm). Recovered: Gulf Coast defensive camps near Houston Texas, by Cody Hudgeons.

Texas button, Texas Cavalry, low convex one part cast brass, southern wartime manufacture by T. Miller, blank back, (20mm).
Button depicts bold "C" on lined background with wide border, low convex cast bass button.  This is Confederate wartime manufacture for Texas cavalry.  Backmark: blank back, cast button with deep concave well, shank was integral cast, then drilled, manufactured by T Miller, Houston Texas, (BlankSouthern161).  One part cast button, low convex, back is concave, casting is crude southern "local", coat size. 
Ref: Albert CS143, Tice CSC280A2.

B0821.     Texas button, Texas Cavalry, low convex one part cast brass, southern wartime manufacture by T. Miller, blank back, (20mm). Recovered: Gulf Coast defensive camps near Houston Texas by Cody Hudgeons.

Texas button, Texas Artillery, low convex one part cast brass, southern wartime manufacture by T. Miller, blank back, (20mm).
Button depicts bold "A" on lined background with wide border, low convex cast bass button.  This is Confederate wartime manufacture for Texas artillery.  Backmark: blank back, cast button with deep concave well, shank was integral cast, then drilled, manufactured by T Miller, Houston Texas, (BlankSouthern161).  One part cast button, low convex, back is concave, casting is crude southern "local", coat size. 
Ref: Albert unlisted, Tice CSA280A2.

B3346.     Texas button, Texas Artillery, low convex one part cast brass, southern wartime manufacture by T. Miller, blank back, (20mm). Recovered: Gulf Coast defensive camps near Houston Texas.

Texas button, Texas lone star with "CS", low convex one part cast brass, southern wartime manufacture by T. Miller, blank back, (20.5mm).
Button depicts the Texas lone star with "CS" on a lined field.  This is Confederate wartime manufacture for Texas troops.    Backmark: blank back, cast button with deep concave well, shank was integral cast, then drilled, manufactured by T Miller, Houston Texas, (BlankSouthern161).  One part cast button, low convex, back is concave, casting is crude southern "local", coat size. 
Ref:  Ref: Albert TX26, Tice TX256A1.

B1499.     Texas button, Texas lone star with "CS", low convex one part cast brass, southern wartime manufacture by T. Miller, blank back, (21.7mm). Recovered: Gulf Coast defensive camps near Houston, Texas, by Cody Hudgeons.

Texas button, Texas lone star with "CS", low convex one part cast brass, southern wartime manufacture by T. Miller, blank back, (20.5mm).
Button depicts the Texas lone star with "CS" on a lined field.  This is Confederate wartime manufacture for Texas troops.  This pattern is noted for poor casting quality, part of the letters are usually obstructed by casting debris, casting was likely a second or third generation casting using the T Miller design as a pattern.  Backmark: blank back, cast button with deep concave well, shank was integral cast, then drilled, manufactured by T Miller, Houston Texas, (BlankSouthern161).  One part cast button, low convex, back is concave, casting is crude southern "local", coat size. 
Ref:  Ref: Albert TX27, Tice TX258A1.

B0850.     Texas button, Texas lone star with "CS", low convex one part cast brass, southern wartime manufacture by T. Miller, blank back, (20.5mm).  Recovered: Oxford Mississippi in 1970 by Bud Richards, button was obtained from the digger in the 1980's.

Texas button, "CS" "muffin", high convex one part cast brass, southern wartime manufacture, blank back, (16mm).
Button depicts "CS" with wide border, highly convex cast button.  This is Confederate wartime manufacture for Texas troops.  Button is only made in small size and was likely intended for hats.  It was once thought that these sleeve buttons were made by T Miller, Houston, however button does not share any similarity of design with other coat size buttons attributed to this maker.  Evidence now indicates that it was produced by the Houston Depot, which functioned as a small southern arsenal.  Buttons of this pattern were produced both in brass and white metal, this is brass.  Backmark: blank back, cast button with deep concave well, shank was integral cast, then drilled, Texas manufacture, (BlankSouthern160).  One part cast button, high convex, back is concave, casting is crude southern "local", made only in small size presumably for a hat. 
Ref: Albert TX26B,  Tice TX256Bs1.

B0800.     Texas button, "CS" "muffin", high convex one part cast brass, southern wartime manufacture, blank back, (16mm).   Recovered: Vermillion River, Lafayette, Louisiana by Warren Wiggs.

Texas button, "CS" "muffin", high convex one part cast white metal, southern wartime manufacture, blank back, (16mm).
Button depicts "CS" with wide border, highly convex cast button.  This is Confederate wartime manufacture for Texas troops.  Button is only made in small size and was likely intended for hats.  It was once thought that these sleeve buttons were made by T Miller, Houston, however button does not share any similarity of design with other coat size buttons attributed to this maker.  Evidence now indicates that it was produced by the Houston Depot, which functioned as a small southern arsenal.  Buttons of this pattern were produced both in brass and white metal, this is white metal.  Backmark: blank back, cast button with deep concave well, shank was integral cast, then drilled, Texas manufacture, (BlankSouthern160).  One part cast button, high convex, back is concave, casting is crude southern "local", made only in small size presumably for a hat. 
Ref: Albert TX26B,  Tice TX256Bs1.

B2128.     Texas button, "CS" "muffin", high convex one part cast white metal, southern wartime manufacture, blank back, (16mm). Recovered: Houston Texas.

Texas button, Austin Mounted Militia, Scovill Mf'g Co with stars, dm between rings, (15.2mm).
Button depicts star with "AMM", believed to be attributed to Austin Mounted Militia.  There is some question that this could have been intended for a Mississippi unit, however, the five pointed star is more typical of the Texas lone star, with the bottom point oriented downward.  This button is also only found in small size, which means it was probably used for a hat only or could have been modeled off of the Dragoon period uniforms, prevalent in Texas from the Mexican war, which utilized small buttons for enlisted coat.  In any case it was issued before the war, many early Texas units were sent to Virginia and the button is rare. Backmark:  "SCOVILL. MF'G. CO. / (star) (star) (star)" dm between two rings of dots, made for small button only, ca 1850's or 1860's, (ScovillM430Small).  Two part convex button, hat or sleeve size.
Ref: Albert TX33, Tice TX246As1.

B1935.     Texas button, Austin Mounted Militia, Scovill Mf'g Co with stars, dm between rings, (15.2mm). Recovered: Virginia campaign.