Ridgeway Civil War Research Center A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War
	Civil War Buttons
	by Harry Ridgeway

Button6820-Virginia-000 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Three part officer buttons. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-000 . Reference: Albert VA17, Tice VA252. Reference: Albert VA18, Tice VA255. Reference: Albert VA19, Tice VA258. Reference: Albert VA20, Tice VA261. Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Button6820-Virginia-000.html

Button6820-Virginia-Canfield210 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Canfield210 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: CANFIELD BRO & CO. / BALTIMORE. dm between rings of dots, Scovill produced ca 1860. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Canfield210 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 189. [Plate C-4, 3]

Button6820-Virginia-Canfield215 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Canfield215 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: CANFIELD. BRO & CO. / BAL. , dm with inner ring, no outer ring, used for small buttons only, Scovill msnufactured ca 1860. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Canfield215 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 189.

Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill100-VA18 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-ExtraQuality-Scovill100 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: EXTRA / (star) QUALITY (star) dm, small letters between two rings of dots, solid inner ring, depression around the shank, bottom of Q is distinctly seperated from outer ring, used on staff coat size buttons only. Scovill produced ca 1860. Note that the solid inner ring may be faint or obscured on some examples, this may have ocurrred during the process of shanking or crimping the button. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill100-VA18 . Reference: Albert VA18. Reference: Tice VA255. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 71, Scovill Manufacturing. [Plate B-7, 10]

Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill100-VA20 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-ExtraQuality-Scovill100 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: EXTRA / (star) QUALITY (star) dm, small letters between two rings of dots, solid inner ring, depression around the shank, bottom of Q is distinctly seperated from outer ring, used on staff coat size buttons only. Scovill produced ca 1860. Note that the solid inner ring may be faint or obscured on some examples, this may have ocurrred during the process of shanking or crimping the button. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill100-VA20 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 71, Scovill Manufacturing. [Plate B-7, 10]

Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill130-VA18 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-ExtraQuality-Scovill130 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: EXTRA / (star) QUALITY. (star) dm large letters between solid outer ring, and two inner solid rings, bottom of Q is distinctly seperated from outer ring, used on staff coat size buttons only. Scovill produced ca 1850's to 1860's. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill130-VA18 . Reference: Albert VA18. Reference: Tice VA255. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 71, Scovill Manufacturing. [Plate B-7, 11]

Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill130-VA20 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-ExtraQuality-Scovill130 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: EXTRA / (star) QUALITY. (star) dm large letters between solid outer ring, and two inner solid rings, bottom of Q is distinctly seperated from outer ring, used on staff coat size buttons only. Scovill produced ca 1850's to 1860's. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill130-VA20 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 71, Scovill Manufacturing. [Plate B-7, 11]

Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill135-VA18 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-ExtraQuality-Scovill135 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: EXTRA / (star) QUALITY. (star) dm, two inner solid rings, , used on staff small size buttons only. Scovill produced ca 1850's to 1860's. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill135-VA18 . Reference: Albert VA18. Reference: Tice VA255. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 71, Scovill Manufacturing. Do not publish. .

Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill135-VA20 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-ExtraQuality-Scovill135 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: EXTRA / (star) QUALITY. (star) dm, two inner solid rings, , used on staff small size buttons only. Scovill produced ca 1850's to 1860's. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill135-VA20 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 71, Scovill Manufacturing. Do not publish. .

Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill140 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-ExtraQuality-Scovill140 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: EXTRA / (star) QUALITY (star) dm inner solid ring, used for small size staff buttons only, Scovill manufactured ca 1860. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-ExtraQuality-Scovill140 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 71, Scovill Manufacturing. Do not publish. .

Button6820-Virginia-GminderJacob100 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-GminderJacob100 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: JACOB. GMINDER. / (dot) BALTIMORE (dot) dm between outer rings of dots, inner ring of hyphens, probably made by Steele & Johnson, backmark may be transitional or post war. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-GminderJacob100 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 191. [Plate C-4, 9]

Button6820-Virginia-GminderJacob110 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-GminderJacob110 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: JACOB GMINDER. / (star) (star) (star) dm, inner ring of dots similar to a twisted rope, probably made by Steele & Johnson, backmark may be transitional or post war. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-GminderJacob110 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 191.

Button6820-Virginia-GminderJacob120 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-GminderJacob120 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: JACOB. GMINDER. / (dot) BAL. (dot) dm, inner ring of dots similar to a twisted rope, probably made by Waterbury Button Co after the war. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-GminderJacob120 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 191.

Button6820-Virginia-GminderJacob200 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-GminderJacob200 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: JACOB GMINDER. / (star) dm , no rings, letters are plain without serifs, manufactured after the Civil War. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-GminderJacob200 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 191.

Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann320 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Horstmann320 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: HORSTMANN & ALLIEN / N.Y. , dm no rings, Steele & Johnson ca 1860. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann320 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 130. Plate B-17, 5.

Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann620 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Horstmann620 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: HORSTMANN BROS & Co (o is underlined) / (dot) PHILA (A is underlined) (dot) dm inner ring of dots, Horstmann Brothers used this backmark 1870's to 1890's, Scovill manufactured. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann620 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 130. Plate B-18, 8.

Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann660 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Horstmann660 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: HORSTMANN BROS / (dot) PHILLA (dot) dm inner ring of dots, small size only,backmark could be transitional. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann660 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 130.

Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann670 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Horstmann670 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: HORSTMANN BROS & CO / (star) PHILADA (A is underlined) (star) dm between rings, large letters no serifs, manufactured by Steele & Johnson, manufacture after the Civil War. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann670 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 130.

Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann700 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Horstmann700 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: HORSTMANN & CO / (dot) NY & PHI (dot) dm between two rings of dots, manufactured by Steele & Johnson for Horstmann, ca 1860. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann700 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 130. Plate B-16, 14.

Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann720 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Horstmann720 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: HORSTMANN / (dot) NEW YORK (dot) dm, small size only, Steele & Johnson manufactured for Horstmann ca 1860. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann720 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 130.

Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann770 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Horstmann770 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: HORSTMANN / (star) N. Y. & PHILADA (star) dm between rings, large letters no serifs, manufactured by Steele & Johnson, transitional use 1865 - 1870. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Horstmann770 . Reference: Albert VA17. Reference: Tice VA252. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 130. Plate B-16, 13.

Button6820-Virginia-LillyMC100 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-LillyMC100 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: M. C. LILLY & CO. / COLUMBUS O. dm between rings of dots, letters are without serifs, manufactured 1870's or later. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-LillyMC100 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 135.

Button6820-Virginia-MitchellTyler200-VA18 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-MitchellTyler200 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: MITCHEL (sic) & TYLER / RICHMOND VA. dm between rings of dots, inner solid ring, Scovill manufactured ca 1860. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-MitchellTyler200-VA18 . Reference: Albert VA18. Reference: Tice VA255. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 194. [Plate C-4, 18]

Button6820-Virginia-MitchellTyler200-VA20 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-MitchellTyler200 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: MITCHEL (sic) & TYLER / RICHMOND VA. dm between rings of dots, inner solid ring, Scovill manufactured ca 1860. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-MitchellTyler200-VA20 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 194. [Plate C-4, 18]

Button6820-Virginia-MitchellTyler201-VA18 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-MitchellTyler201 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: MITCHEL (sic) & TYLER / RICHMOND dm inner rings of dots, Scovill manufactured ca 1860. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 15mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-MitchellTyler201-VA18 . Reference: Albert VA18. Reference: Tice VA255. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 194.

Button6820-Virginia-MitchellTyler201-VA20 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-MitchellTyler201 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: MITCHEL (sic) & TYLER / RICHMOND dm inner rings of dots, Scovill manufactured ca 1860. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 15mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-MitchellTyler201-VA20 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 194.

Button6820-Virginia-Schuyler-TBA Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Schuyler-TBA Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Schuyler-TBA . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Do not publish. .

Button6820-Virginia-Scovill500 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Scovill500 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: SCOVILL MG CO / WATERBURY dm small letters, inner solid ring, lettering crowds the rim, ca early 1850s. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Scovill500 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 65 et seq. Plate B-5, 14.

Button6820-Virginia-Scovill800 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Scovill800 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: SCOVILL MF'G CO. / WATERBURY. dm between two rings of dots, no dividers, used on staff buttons ca 1860s, there appears to be a period after Co and after Waterbury, and on some examples this may appear to have length like a comma, this is likely due to slippage in stamping or die cutting, or debris in stamping, the convention of the time suggests it was meant to be a period and not a comma. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Scovill800 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 65 et seq. Plate B-6, 6.

Button6820-Virginia-Scovill801 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Scovill801 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: SCOVILL MF'G. CO. / WATERBURY. dm single inner ring of dots, no dividers, small letters, used in staff small buttons only, this is abbreviated version of Scovill series of dm with double rings used for 1860s staff coat buttons. Use likely continued after the Civil War with coat sized buttons, redesigned with singler ring, This officer three part cuff or hat size button is believed to have been originally used along with the three part coat buttons with double rings, original use of both of these began about 1860, although war use was limited. This design is transitional, this pattern was not redesigned after the war when staff coat buttons using backmarks with the redesigned single ring were issued. Also note that an inner solid ring sometimes appears, this appears to be irregular and likely occured from assembly, and is not thought to have been part of the die design. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Scovill801 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 65 et seq.

Button6820-Virginia-Scovill920 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-Scovill920 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: SCOVILL MF'G Co. (o is underlined) / (star) WATERBURY (star) dm large letters inner ring of dots, no outer ring, manufactured after the Civil War. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-Scovill920 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 65 et seq. Plate B7, 2.

Button6820-Virginia-SmithWH200 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-SmithWH200 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: WM. H. SMITH & CO / (star) NEW - YORK (star), dm between one outer solid ring, and two inner rings, Scovill produced ca 1840s to 1850s. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-SmithWH200 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 141. [Plate B-15, 10]

Button6820-Virginia-SteeleJohnson100 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-SteeleJohnson100 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: STEELE & JOHNSON / (dot) rmdc on lined channel, ca 1850's. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-SteeleJohnson100 . Reference: Albert VA17. Reference: Tice VA252. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 86. [Plate B-10, 1]

Button6820-Virginia-SuperiorQuality-SteeleJohnson240 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-SuperiorQuality-SteeleJohnson240 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: SUPERIOR / (star) QUALITY (star) dm between two rings of dots, sloppy stamping, Steele & Johnson ca 1860. Note, this backmark used on staff coat size and two part large coat size buttons appears to be identical. Also, the tail of the Q does not touch the rim, which is characteristic of Steele & Johnson Extra Quality backmarks. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-SuperiorQuality-SteeleJohnson240 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 87, (Steele & Johnson).

Button6820-Virginia-SuperiorQuality-SteeleJohnson241 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-SuperiorQuality-SteeleJohnson241 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: SUPERIOR / (star) QUALITY (star) dm, inner ring of dots, sloppy stamping, only made for small buttons, Steele & Johnson ca 1860. Note, this backmark used on staff small size and two part small size buttons appears to be identical. Also, the tail of the Q does not touch the rim, which is characteristic of Steele & Johnson Extra Quality backmarks. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-SuperiorQuality-SteeleJohnson241 . Reference: Albert VA20. Reference: Tice VA261. Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 87, (Steele & Johnson). [Plate B-11, 3]

Button6820-Virginia-WaterburyButtonCo250 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-WaterburyButtonCo250 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: WATERBURY BUTTON CO. / (star) dm, large letters, between two rings of dots, 1880's manufacture. Three part officer button, coat size, 22mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-WaterburyButtonCo250 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 82. [Plate B-9, 14]

Button6820-Virginia-WaterburyButtonCo311 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-WaterburyButtonCo311 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: WATERBURY BUTTON CO. / (star) dm, large letters without serifs, single inner rings of dots, manufacture after the Civil War. Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-WaterburyButtonCo311 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 82.

Button6820-Virginia-WendlingerC100 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-WendlingerC100 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: C. WENDLINGER. / RICHMOND VA. dm inner ring around the shank well, Wendlinger operated from 1850 to late 19th century, buttons bearing their name are believed to date to the 1870s. Three part officer button, coat size, 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-WendlingerC100 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 142.

Button6820-Virginia-WendlingerC110 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-WendlingerC110 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: C. WENDLINGER / RICHMOND VA. dm inner ring around the shank well, Wendlinger operated from 1850 to late 19th century, buttons bearing their name are believed to date to the 1870s, Three part officer button, hat or sleeve size, 15mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-WendlingerC110 . Reference: Albert VA24, (post war). Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 142.

Button6820-Virginia-zblankNoText330 Virginia state general use buttons. Backmark-zblankNoText330 Virginia state general use buttons. Virginia symbolism, Virtus slaying the tyrant. Backmark: blank back (no text), slightly depressed channel is stippled. Two part convex button, large coat size, 21mm to 23mm. Research Center: Button6820-Virginia-zblankNoText330 . Reference: Albert VA19. Reference: Tice VA258.