Ridgeway Civil War Research Center, A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War
	Civil War Artillery
	by Harry Ridgeway

Research Center: Artillery4617-Parrott

Rifled artillery projectile, Parrott design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, "case shot", lead balls packed in sulfur matrix, wrought iron sabot, Parrott time fuze without a flange, Parrott 10 pounder rifle, 2.9in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals following the prewar invention of Robert Parrott and John Read working together. The sabot system utilized was a wrought iron ring, referred to as the "Type I" sabot, rifling was precast with three flanges, because it was too stiff to take the rifling otherwise. Some of these shells were configured as case shot (approx 9.5lbs to 11lbs. with balls ), or as "common" (approx 8lbs. to 9lbs. without balls). This shell is " case shot", explosive charge with lead balls, and with a time fuze was designed to detonate above the heads of troops in the open field. The lead balls are rough cast around .69 cal, packed in sulfur matrix near the top of the shell, powder packed in a long channel which expands near the bottom, on detonation the concentrated powder at the bottom was designed to burn the matrix and propel the balls and fragments forward. Fuze employed was a Parrott zinc time fuze, typically the pattern without a flange, Jones, Fuzes, pg. 76, edge of the fuze hole is milled thin. Bottom of shell usually shows a casting sprue which was rough milled, there will often be casting flaws near the base. Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.375in. (excluding fuze), weight 9.5lbs. to 11lbs. Research Center: Artillery4617-Parrott, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 216. Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery4617-Parrott.html.

A1571... Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.5in. (excluding fuze), weight 10.0lb. Sabot shows 3 lands and grooves and is intact. Time fuze intact and is removable. Metal is solid. Projectile is disarmed: removable fuze exposes interior. Recovered: surplus stocks. Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 216.

A1860... Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.375in. (excluding fuze), weight 10lbs. Sabot shows 3 lands and grooves and is intact. Time fuze intact and is removable. Metal is solid. Projectile is disarmed: removable fuze exposes interior. Recovered: not known.

A2250... Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.375in. (excluding fuze), weight 10lbs Sabot shows 3 lands and grooves and is intact. Time fuze is partial. Metal is solid, major casting flaw near bottom is visible. Projectile is disarmed: drill hole through paper section of time fuze. Recovered: VRichmond, Petersburg, Virginia campaign.

A2276... Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.375in. (excluding fuze), weight 10lbs. Cut shell, shows cross section, note fuze hole has no flanges, powder cavity is badly off center, and there are significant casting flaws in the base. Sabot shows 3 lands and grooves and is intact. Time fuze is partial. Metal is solid. Projectile is disarmed: cut shell, everything is exposed. Recovered: not known. Cut shell shows cross section.

A2318... Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.375in. (excluding fuze), weight 10lbs. Cut shell, shows cross section, note fuze hole has no flanges, powder cavity is off center, and there are significant casting flaws in the base. Sabot shows 3 lands and grooves and is intact. Time fuze is partial. Metal is solid. Projectile is disarmed: cut shell, everything is exposed. Recovered: not known. Cut shell shows cross section.

A2398... Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.375in. (excluding fuze), weight 10lbs. Sabot shows 3 lands and grooves and is intact. Time fuze is intact. Metal is solid, minor areas of pitting. Projectile is disarmed: drill hole through paper section of time fuze. Recovered: Shiloh, Tennessee.

A2414... Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.375in. (excluding fuze), weight 10.3lbs. Sabot shows 3 lands and grooves and is intact. Time fuze is partial. Metal is solid. Projectile is disarmed: cut shell, everything is exposed. Recovered: not known. Cut shell shows cross section. Ridgeway collection, Old Court House Civil War Museum, Winchester, Virginia

A2453... Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.375in. (excluding fuze), weight 10.3lbs. Sabot shows 3 lands and grooves and is intact. Time fuze intact and is removable. Metal is solid, with minor areas of pitting. Projectile is disarmed: removable fuze exposes interior. Recovered: Richmond, Petersburg, Virginia campaign.

A2464... Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.375in. (excluding fuze), weight 10.0lbs. Sabot shows 3 lands and grooves and is intact. Time fuze intact and is removable. Metal is solid. Projectile is disarmed: removable fuze exposes interior. Recovered: Richmond, Petersburg, Virginia campaign.

A2465... Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.375in. (excluding fuze), weight 9.8lbs. Sabot shows 3 lands and grooves and is intact. Time fuze is partial. Metal is solid. Projectile is disarmed: drill hole through paper section of time fuze. Recovered: Fredericksburg, Virginia.

A2872... Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.5in. (excluding fuze), weight 10.1lbs. Cut shell, shows cross section, note fuze hole has no flanges, powder cavity is centered, and there are significant casting flaws in the base. Sabot shows 3 lands and grooves and is intact. Time fuze is partial. Metal is solid. Projectile is disarmed: cut shell, everything is exposed. Recovered: Richmond Petersburg, Virginia campaign. Cut shell shows cross section.

A2876... Projectile measures: diameter 2.85in., length 8.5in. (excluding fuze), weight 9.8lbs. Cut shell, shows cross section, note fuze hole has no flanges, powder cavity is centered, and there are significant casting flaws in the base. Sabot shows 3 lands and grooves and is intact. Time fuze is partial. Metal is solid. Projectile is disarmed: cut shell, everything is exposed. Recovered: not known. Cut shell shows cross section.

This is the "Ridgeway Civil War Research Center", a research tool for educational purposes only, and is provided at no cost to the reader. Some of the relics listed are retained in the author's collection, most reside in other collections and are not owned by the author. None of the items listed in this section are for sale, please refer to relicman.com sales listings for items offered for sale. This is a work in progress, I list items as I get to them, there are many patterns that are not listed yet, this list will be regularly updated as I get pictures and descriptions for more items. I will also correct mistakes, so if you see any please tell me. All items listed are believed to be authentic to the Civil War or as otherwise described. This information is available for research purposes, pictures may be used by permission only.
All excavated artifacts have been recovered from private property with owner's permission.
All projectiles listed have been disarmed.

Most information on this page is from:
Field Artillery Projectiles of the American Civil War, 1993 Edition. by Thomas S. Dickey and Peter C. George.
Civil War Heavy Explosive Ordnance, A Guide to Large Artillery Prjectiles, Torpedoes, and Mines, by Jack Bell.
Artillery Fuses of the Civil War, by Charles H. Jones.
Pictures are by the author, unless otherwise indicated.

Ridgeway Civil War Research Center, A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War. Artillery Research center, artillery, click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery0000-Index.html. Research center, artillery, click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery0000-Index.html.

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