A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War
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Ridgeway Civil War Research Center, A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War |
| Civil War Artillery | |
| by Harry Ridgeway |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design Research Center: Artillery5300-Schenkl    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5300-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, "case shot", lead balls packed in asphalt matrix, rounded nose, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl combination fuze early pattern, Ordnance rifle, 3 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This pattern with rounded shoulder was designed to hold "case shot" balls, designed to disperse above the heads of troops in the open field. Lead balls of small size, about .54in. diameter, are packed in black or asphalt matrix, with long powder train which often will be off center. Fuze employed was the Schenkl combination fuze, which was a complicated contraption designed to ignite either by time or on impact. This "early" pattern fuze has the percussion mechanism on the top of the fuze, Jones pg. 104. Projectile measures: diameter 2.94in., length 9in. (excluding the fuze), weight 9lbs. Research Center: Artillery5311-Schenkl, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 299.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5311-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, "case shot"lead balls packed in asphalt matrix, rounded nose, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl combination 10 second fuze, late pattern, Ordnance rifle, 3 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This pattern with rounded shoulder was designed to hold "case shot" balls, designed to disperse above the heads of troops in the open field. Lead balls of small size, about .54in. diameter, are packed in black or asphalt matrix, with long powder train which often will be off center. Fuze employed was the Schenkl combination fuze, which was a complicated contraption designed to ignite either by time or on impact. This "late" pattern fuze has the percussion mechanism on the side of the fuze and is marked on top "10 SEC", Jones pg. 105. Projectile measures: diameter 2.94in., length 9in. (excluding the fuze), weight 9lbs. Research Center: Artillery5312-Schenkl, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 299.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5312-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, "common" (standard), paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl percussion fuze, Ordnance rifle, 3 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This shell with the pointed nose is a "common" shell, (standard), it does not contain balls, and with a percussion fuze it was designed to detonate after striking enemy cannon or equipment. Fuze employed was a Schenkl Army percussion fuze, removable cap had a slider and percussion cap, head is 1.22in.or 1.25in., 10 threads per inch, marked "JP SCHENKL / PAT OCT 16 1861", Jones pg. 98 or 99., top of the fuze hole is milled flat. Projectile measures: diameter 2.94in., length 9in. (excluding the fuze), weight 8lbs. Research Center: Artillery5313-Schenkl, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 300.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5313-Schenkl.html. |
A0200.16...Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, 3 in., fragments     This is sampling of Schenkl fragments,most are found in the 1862 and 1863 campaigns in the Shenandoah Valley. Both common shell, with percussion fuze, and case shot, with combination fuze are found. The Schenkl rib and small narrow bottom are typically distinguishing features. Nose section for common shells are difficult to distinguish. Case shot noses typically have a round ed shape and the threads are short, leaveing most of the fuze exposed inside beyond the threads. Recovered: Shenandoah Valley, Virginia 1862 and 1863 campaigns, Clearbrook, and Second Battle of Winchester by Harry Ridgeway.Ridgeway collection, Old Court House Civil War Museum, Winchester, Virginia |
A0200.17...Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, 3 in., fragments  All of these fragments are case shot and were fired from Milroy main fort against west fort when captured by the Confederates in Second Battle of Winchester. Recovered: Second Battle of Winchester, west battery, by Margaurite Smith.Ridgeway collection, Old Court House Civil War Museum, Winchester, Virginia |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, Navy pattern, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl percussion fuze, rifled boat howitzer 3.4 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This Navy pattern was intended for the 3.4in, rifled boat howitzer, this cannon was positioned on the bow of the river ships, this pattern is a "common" or standard round and will not be filled with balls , and with a percussion fuze it was designed to detonate after striking enemy cannon or equipment. Fuze employed was a Schenkl Navy percussion fuze , removable cap had a slider and percussion cap, head is 1.3in., 12 threads per inch, marked "JP SCHENKL / PAT OCT 16 1861", Jones pg. 102., top of the fuze hole is milled flat. Projectile measures: diameter 3.3in., length 9in. (excluding the fuze), weight 10lbs. Research Center: Artillery5321-Schenkl, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 417.   Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5321-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, early prototype, short pattern with grooved and pointed tail, paper sleeve sabot, iron percussion fuze, rifled 6 pounder, 3.67 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so most fuzes are percussion. This short pattern was intended for the rifled six pounder and has six grooved ribs to secure the sabot. Fuze employed was an iron time fuze, single slot, Jones pg.97. This pattern was early development, apparently a few rounds were sent to Port Hudson, no doubt it was unsatisfactory and it appears that further development of this pattern was then abandoned. Projectile measures: diameter 3.5in., length 7.25in. (excluding fuze), weight 8.8lbs. Research Center: Artillery5331-Schenkl, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 304.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5331-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, "common" (standard), short pattern with grooved tail, tail is not rounded, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl rounded head percussion fuze early pattern, rifled 6 pounder smoothbore, 3.67 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This short pattern was intended for the rifled six pounder and has six grooved ribs to secure the sabot. The tail on this early verision was left unfinished, later versions the tail is rounded. Considered an experimental shell, only a few were issued for "trials" at Port Hudson.Usually this pattern is a "common" or standard round and will not be filled with balls, and with a percussion fuze it was designed to detonate after striking enemy cannon or equipment. Fuze employed was a Schenkl brass percussion fuze, early version with rounded flange, Jones pg. 98 lower right., top of the fuze hole is milled flat. Projectile measures: diameter 3.6in., length 8.5in. (excluding the fuze), weight 12lbs. Research Center: Artillery5332-Schenkl, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 306.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5332-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, "common" (standard), short pattern with grooved tail, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl percussion fuze, rifled 6 pounder smoothbore, 3.67 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This short pattern was intended for the rifled six pounder and has six grooved ribs to secure the sabot. Usually this pattern is a "common" or standard round and will not be filled with balls , and with a percussion fuze it was designed to detonate after striking enemy cannon or equipment. Fuze employed was a Schenkl Army percussion fuze , removable cap had a slider and percussion cap, head is 1.22in.or 1.25in., 10 threads per inch, marked "JP SCHENKL / PAT OCT 16 1861", Jones pg. 98 or 99., top of the fuze hole is milled flat. Projectile measures: diameter 3.6in., length 8.5in. (excluding the fuze), weight 10lbs. Research Center: Artillery5333-Schenkl, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 307.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5333-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, "common" (standard), short pattern with ribbed tail, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl percussion fuze, rifled 6 pounder smoothbore, 3.67 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This short pattern was intended for the rifled six pounder and has six raised ribs to secure the sabot. Usually this pattern is a "common" or standard round and will not be filled with balls , and with a percussion fuze it was designed to detonate after striking enemy cannon or equipment. Fuze employed was a Schenkl Army percussion fuze , removable cap had a slider and percussion cap, head is 1.22in.or 1.25in., 10 threads per inch, marked "JP SCHENKL / PAT OCT 16 1861", (Jones pg. 9 8 or 99). , top of the fuze hole is milled flat. Projectile measures: diameter 3.6in., length 8.5in. (excluding the fuze), weight 10lbs. Research Center: Artillery5334-Schenkl, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 308.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5334-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, "common" (standard), long pattern, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl percussion fuze, Parrott 20 pounder rifle, 3.67 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This long pattern was intended for the Parrott 20 pounder and has six grooved ribs to secure the sabot. Usually this pattern is a "common" or standard round and will not be filled with balls , and with a percussion fuze it was designed to detonate after striking enemy cannon or equipment. Fuze employed was a Schenkl Army percussion fuze , removable cap had a slider and percussion cap, head is 1.22in.or 1.25in., 10 threads per inch, marked "JP SCHENKL / PAT OCT 16 1861", Jones pg. 98 or 99., top of the fuze hole is milled flat. Projectile measures: diameter 3.6in., length 11.6in. (excluding the fuze), weight 18lbs. Research Center: Artillery5335-Schenkl, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 309.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5335-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, long pattern, paper sleeve sabot, wood fuze, Parrott 30 pounder rifle, 4.2 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This long pattern was intended for the Parrott 30 pounder and is a "common" or standard round and will not be filled with balls. Fuze employed a wood fuze, which is rare for a Schenkl. Projectile measures: diameter 4.1in., length 12.5in. (excluding the fuze), weight 24lbs. Research Center: Artillery5341-Schenkl, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 362.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5341-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, long pattern, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl percussion fuze, Parrott 30 pounder rifle, 4.2 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This long pattern was intended for the Parrott 30 pounder and is a "common" or standard round and will not be filled with balls , and with a percussion fuze it was designed to detonate after striking enemy cannon or equipment. Fuze employed was the Schenkl Army percussion fuze, removable cap had a slider and percussion cap, head is 1.3in, 10 threads per inch, marked: "JP SCHENKL / PAT OCT 16 1861", Jones pg. 98, top of fuze hole is milled flat. Projectile measures: diameter 4.1in., length 12.5in. (excluding the fuze), weight 24lbs. Research Center: Artillery5342-Schenkl, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 362.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5342-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, short pattern with rounded grooved base, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl percussion fuze, Dahlgren 30 pounder rifle, 4.4 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This pattern with grooves in a rounded tail, was intended for Navy use with the Dahlgren 30 pounder rifle. This early pattern was apparently field tested at Port Hudson, then rejected. It is a "common" or standard round and will not be filled with balls, and with a percussion fuze it was designed to detonate after striking enemy cannon or equipment. Fuze employed was the Schenkl Navy percussion fuze, removable cap had a slider and percussion cap, head is 1.4in, 12 threads per inch, marked: "JP SCHENKL / PAT OCT 16 1861", Jones pg. 102, top of fuze hole is milled flat. Projectile measures: diameter 4.38in., length 9.2in. (excluding the fuze), weight 15lbs. Research Center: Artillery5351-Schenkl, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 364.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5351-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, long pattern, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl percussion fuze, siege rifle, 4.5 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This long pattern was intended for the Ordnance 4.5 in siege gun, and is a "common" or standard round and will not be filled with balls, and with a percussion fuze it was designed to detonate after striking enemy cannon or equipment. Fuze employed was the Schenkl Army percussion fuze, removable cap had a slider and percussion cap, fuze head is 1.3in., 10 threads per inch, marked: "JP SCHENKL / PAT OCT 16 1861", Jones pg. 98 or 99. Projectile measures: diameter 4.4in., length 12.5in. (excluding the fuze), weight 27lbs. Research Center: Artillery5361-Schenkl, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 366.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5361-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, Navy pattern with hook slant ribs, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl Navy percussion fuze, 50 pounder Navy rifle, 5.1 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This pattern features a smooth shoulder with a slight ring near the top, base has 6 slanted ribs, shell was intended for the Navy 50 pounder Dahlgren rifle, and with a percussion fuze it was designed to detonate after striking enemy cannon or equipment. Fuze employed was the Schenkl Navy percussion fuze, removable cap had a slider and percussion cap, fuze head is 1.4in., 12 threads per inch, marked: "JP SCHENKL / PAT OCT 16 1861", Jones pg. 102, top of fuze hole is milled flat. Projectile measures: diameter 5.06in., length 13.75in. (excluding fuze), weight 37lbs. Research Center: Artillery5371-Schenkl, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 367.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5371-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, single bourrelet, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl Navy percussion fuze, Parrott 100 pounder rifle, 6.4 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This pattern features a small bourrelet band, presumably to add stability for a heavy shell, base has 8 raised ribs, shell was intended for the Parrott 100 pounder, and with a percussion fuze it was designed to detonate after striking enemy cannon or equipment. Fuze employed was the Schenkl Navy percussion fuze, removable cap had a slider and percussion cap, fuze head is 1.4in., 12 threads per inch, marked: "JP SCHENKL / PAT OCT 16 1861", Jones pg. 102, top of fuze hole is milled flat. Projectile measures: diameter 6.3in., length 13.2in. (excluding the fuze), weight 65lbs. Research Center: Artillery5381-Schenkl, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 371.      Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5381-Schenkl.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Schenkl design, Federal manufacture, bursting shell, long pattern, paper sleeve sabot, Schenkl Navy percussion fuze, Navy Parrott 150 pounder rifle, 8 in. Projectile was manufactured in the Federal arsenals, following the design of John P. Schenkl. The sabot system consisted of a "forcing cone" paper sleeve, which was intended to expand into the rifling, then flutter away on release. Problems with the paper absorbing moisture or swelling and blocking passage of the flame on firing rendered it impractical with time fuzes and so it saw limited application. This long pattern features a small bourrelet band, presumably to add stability for a heavy shell, base has 8 raised ribs, shell was intended for the Navy 8 in rifle, and with a percussion fuze it was designed to detonate after striking enemy cannon or equipment. Fuze employed was the Schenkl Navy percussion fuze, removable cap had a slider and percussion cap, fuze head is 1.4in., 12 threads per inch, marked: "JP SCHENKL / PAT OCT 16 1861", Jones pg. 102, top of fuze hole is milled flat. Projectile measures: diameter 7.85in., length 19.5in. (excluding the fuze), weight not determined. Research Center: Artillery5395-Schenkl, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 378.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5395-Schenkl.html. |
| Ridgeway Civil War Research Center, A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War. Artillery Research center, artillery, click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery0000-Index.html.     Research center, artillery, click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery0000-Index.html. |
| Civil War Relicman, Harry Ridgeway, Civil War artillery, Relicman sales catalog. Click here: http://relicman.com/artillery/RelicmanSalesArtillery1.html.     Artillery for sale: http://relicman.com/artillery/RelicmanSalesArtillery1.html. |