Ridgeway Civil War Research Center, A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War
	Civil War Buttons
	by Harry Ridgeway

Philada100, (one part convex button, coat size, 20mm). Backmark: "Philada (dot) (space) (dot) " rm, made by George Armitage, Philadelphia 1815 to 1825, (Philada100). Note this die stamp is frequently off center, and the die break in front of the name and over the "H" is visible on most examples. Research Center: Button9901-Backmark-Philada100, Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 97, (Armitage). Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Button9901-Backmark-Philada100.html.

B4414...Virginia button, state seal Virtus slaying the tyrant with sword down, low convex one piece, die variant VA1A, "Philada (dot) (space) (dot) " rm, (19.4mm) Button depicts state seal of Virginia, Virtus slaying the tyrant, intended for Virginia militia units. This version, with the sword pointed down is the earliest Virginia state seal. This die, referenced by Albert as variant VA1A depicts Virtus surrounded by a banner with a double twist on the right side. Backmark: "Philada (dot) (space) (dot) " rm, made by George Armitage, Philadelphia 1815 to 1825, (Philada100). One part low convex button, coat size. Nondug button. Reference: Albert VA1A, Tice VA100A1.

B4415 Virginia button, state seal Virtus slaying the tyrant with sword down, low convex one piece, die variant VA1B, Philada rm, (21.7mm) Ref: Albert VA1B, Tice VA100B1.

This is the "Ridgeway Civil War Research Center", a research tool for educational purposes only, and is provided at no cost to the reader. Some of the relics listed are retained in the author's collection, most reside in other collections and are not owned by the author. None of the items listed in this section are for sale, please refer to relicman.com sales listings for items offered for sale. This is a work in progress, I list items as I get to them, there are many patterns that are not listed yet, this list will be regularly updated as I get pictures and descriptions for more items. I will also correct mistakes, so if you see any please tell me. All items listed are believed to be authentic to the Civil War or as otherwise described. Any excavated relics have been recovered from private property with owners permission. This information is available for research purposes, pictures may be used by permission only.

Most information on this page is from:
Uniform Buttons of the United States 1776 - 1865, by Warren K.Tice.
Dating buttons; A Chronology of Button Types, Makers, Retailers & Their Backmarks, by Warren K. Tice.
Directory of American Military Goods Dealers & Makers, by Bruce S. Bazelon and William F. Guinn.
Record of American Uniform and Historical Buttons, Bicentennial Edition, by Alphaeus H. Albert.
Pictures are generally by the author, unless otherwise indicated.

Ridgeway Civil War Research Center, A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War Buttons Research center, buttons, click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Button0000-Index.html. Research center, buttons, click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Button0000-Index.html.

Ridgeway Civil War Research Center, A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War Button backmarks. Research center, button backmarks, click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Button9900-Backmark-Index.html. Research center, button backmarks, click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Button9900-Backmark-Index.html.

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