Ridgeway Civil War Research Center
A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War
Civil War Buttons

by Harry Ridgeway

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture000 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture000
Blank backs, (no text), southern manufacture. Many of the local buttons produced in the many shops of the south employed backs that were unmarked. There are many distinct variations of the unmarked backs and these details of construction will offer clues as to their origins
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture000 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture000.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture100 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture100
Backmark: blank back (no text), sturdy cast button with deep well, shank was integral cast, then drilled, unknown maker. One part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture100 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture100.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture110 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture110
Backmark: blank back (no text), sturdy cast button with concave deep well, shank was integral cast and sits on a post, likely manufactured in Georgia by multiple producers. One part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture110 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture110.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture120 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture120
Backmark: blank back (no text), one part white metal casting, integral shank with mold seam running through the back and the shank, relatively shallow concave back, probably Georgia manufacture. One part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture120 . [Plate C3, 2]

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture120.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture135 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture135
Backmark: blank back (no text), one part white metal casting, integral shank with mold seam running through the back and the shank, back is slightly concave, field cast GMI buttons were probably made by the cadets in 1864. One part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture135 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture135.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture136 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture136
Backmark: blank back (no text), one part white metal casting, integral shank with mold seam running through the back and the shank, back is nearly flat, crude casting South Carolina buttons. One part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture136 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture136.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture140 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture140
Backmark: blank back (no text), one part cast button, low convex, back may show marks from milling, non footed shank is brazed, small North Carolina manufacturer. Collectors disagree as to whether this pattern is cast or die stamped. The author's opinion is that casting irregularities are noted in some backs that were not milled, and even though brazing to a casting is thought to have been difficult, it appears this producer found a way to accomplish it, this may also explain why production of this pattern was so limited. One part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture140 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture140.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture141 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture141
Backmark: blank back (no text), one part cast button, low convex, back may show marks from milling, footed shank is brazed, small North Carolina manufacturer. One part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture141 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture141.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture142 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture142
Backmark: blank back (no text), one part cast button, low convex, back may show marks from milling, non footed shank is brazed, small North Carolina manufacturer. Collectors disagree as to whether this pattern is cast or die stamped. The author's opinion is that casting irregularities are noted in some backs that were not milled, and even though brazing to a casting is thought to have been difficult, it appears this producer found a way to accomplish it, this may also explain why production of this pattern was so limited. One part convex button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture142 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture142.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture160 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture160
Backmark: blank back (no text), cast button with deep concave well, shank was integral cast, then drilled, Texas manufacture. Two part convex button, small coat size, 17mm to 19mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture160 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture160.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture161 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture161
Backmark: blank back (no text), cast button with deep concave well, shank was integral cast, then drilled, manufactured by T Miller, Houston Texas. One part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture161 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture161.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture200 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture200
Backmark: blank back (no text), one part white metal casting, brass wire shan kimbedded in the casting, relativelyshallow concave back, unknown southern manufacture. One part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture200 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture200.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture210 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture210
Backmark: blank back (no text), low convex one part stamped button, weak impression of die face will appear on back, nonfooted shank was spot brazed or soldered and is fragile and often missing. One part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture210 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture210.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture220 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture220
Backmark: blank back (no text), high convex one part stamped button, weak impression of die face will appear on back, applied shank was spot brazed or soldered and will be weak or missing. One part convex button, large coat size, 22mm to 24mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture220 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture220.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture300 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture300
Backmark: blank back (no text), slight concave channel, likely the product of one of the New Orleans producers. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture300 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture300.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture301 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture301
Backmark: blank back (no text), back is convex, puffback, weak outer channel gives impression of rings, likely the product of one of the New Orleans producers. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture301 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture301.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture302 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture302
Backmark: blank back (no text), convex or puffed back, area around the rim is flat giving appearance to an outer ring, only made in small size. Two part convex button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture302 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture302.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture303 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture303
Backmark: blank back (no text), back is convex, puffback, likely the product of one of the New Orleans producers. Two part convex button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture303 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture303.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture310 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture310
Backmark: blank back (no text), flat surface, crude construction, unknown local manufacture. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture310 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture310.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture311 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture311
Backmark: blank back (no text), flat surface, crude construction, small size only, unknown local manufacture. Two part convex button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture311 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture311.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture320 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture320
Backmark: blank back (no text), flat surface, raised area around the shank, crude construction, unknown local manufacture. Two part convex button, small coat size, 17mm to 19mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture320 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture320.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture330 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture330
Backmark: blank back (no text), copper back, ring of dots loosely spaced, two inner solid rings, no marks, back is crudely crimped. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture330 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture330.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture340 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture340
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed rounded channel, narrow area around shank with some variance of dimension, depressed well usually around the shank, copper wire wire shank was fitted only and not brazed and is usually loose, likely the product of C Rouyer, New Orleans. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture340 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture340.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture341 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture341
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed rounded channel, narrow area around shank with some variance of dimension, depressed well usually around the shank, copper wire shank was fitted only or lightly brazed and is usually loose, likely the product of C Rouyer, New Orleans. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture341 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture341.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture342 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture342
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed rounded channel, narrow area around shank with some variance of dimension, depressed well usually around the shank, copper or wire wire shank was fitted only and not brazed and is usually loose, likely the product of C Rouyer, New Orleans. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture342 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture342.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture343 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture343
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed rounded channel, narrow area around shank with some variance of dimension, depressed well usually around the shank, copper or wire wire shank was fitted only and not brazed and is usually loose, small size button, likely the product of C Rouyer, New Orlean. Two part convex button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture343 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture343.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture350 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture350
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed rounded channel, narrow area around shank with some variance of dimension, depressed well usually formed around the shank, iron wire shank, likely the product of C Rouyer, New Orleans. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture350 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture350.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture351 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture351
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed rounded channel, narrow area around shank with some variance of dimension, depressed well usually formed around the shank, iron wire shank, likely the product of C Rouyer, New Orleans. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture351 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture351.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture352 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture352
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed rounded channel, narrow area around shank with some variance of dimension, depressed well usually formed around the shank, likely the product of C Rouyer, New Orleans. Two part convex button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture352 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture352.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture360 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture360
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed narrow channel imperfectly formed, wide flat area around shank with some variance of dimension, copper wire shank, likely manufactured by Wildt. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture360 . [Plate C3, 13]

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture360.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture361 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture361
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed narrow channel imperfectly formed, flat area around shank with some variance of dimension, copper or brass wire shank, small size button, likely made by Wildt. Two part convex button, hat or sleeve size, 14mm to 16mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture361 . [Plate C3, 13]

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture361.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture370 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture370
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed narrow channel well formed, with star, wide flat area around shank with some variance of dimension, copper wire shank, likely made by Wildt. Note, the star is often weak and it is possible that the star became obliterated on some of the buttons deemed to be blank channel buttons. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture370 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture370.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture380 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture380
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed wide channel imperfectly formed, narrow area around shank with variance of dimension, star in the channel is usually weak and may be obscured by corrosion, a worn die, or debris during stamping, iron wire shank, likely made by Wildt. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture380 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture380.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture390 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture390
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed wide channel imperfectly formed, narrow area around shank with variance of dimension, star in the channel is often weak and may be obscured by corrosion, a worn die or debris during stamping, shank is drilled from sheet copper, likely made by Wildt. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture390 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture390.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture392 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture392
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed narrow channel, wide area around shank with variance of dimension, star does not appear in the channel shank is brass wire, concentric mill marks indicate that back may have been spun on a lathe, likely made by Wildt. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture392 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture392.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture400 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture400
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed wide channel imperfectly formed, wide flat area around shank with some variance of dimension, with star, copper or brass wire shank, likely the product of either Wildt or Rouyer. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture400 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture400.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture410 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture410
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed narrow channel well formed, wide area around shank with some variance of dimension, depressed well usually formed around the shank, copper or brass wire shank, possibly the product of C Rouyer, New Orleans. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture410 . [Plate C3, 15]

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture410.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture420 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture420
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed wide channel well formed, narrow flat area around shank with some variance of dimension, copper or brass wire shank, likely the product of either Wildt or Rouyer. Note the same back seems to have been used on the buttons with false rims (25mm) and the more conventional two part officer buttons, 22mm, the difference is the size of the skin, not the size of the back. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture420 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture420.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture421 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture421
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed channel, narrow flat area around shank with some variance of dimension, copper or brass wire shank, likely the product of either Wildt or Rouyer. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture421 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture421.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture430 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture430
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed wide channel imperfectly formed, wide flat area around shank with some variance of dimension, copper or brass wire shank, likely the product of either Wildt or Rouyer. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture430 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture430.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture440 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture440
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed narrow channel imperfectly formed, wide flat area around shank with some variance of dimension, iron shank, likely the product of either Wildt or Rouyer. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture440 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture440.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture450 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture450
Backmark: blank back (no text), deformed blank channel, origin is a mystery. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture450 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture450.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture460 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture460
Backmark: blank back (no text), brass back, wide channel, often with stamping flaws probably caused by debris during stamping, crude manufacture by southern maker. One part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture460 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture460.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture470 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture470
Backmark: blank back (no text), copper back, with channel, crude manufacture by unknownsouthern maker. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture470 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture470.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture480 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture480
Backmark: blank back (no text), depressed channel well, manufacture by unknownsouthern maker. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture480 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture480.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture490 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture490
Backmark: blank back (no text), channel with ring of thirteen dots, brass back, copper or wire wire shank was fitted only and not brazed and is usually loose, southern maker not known. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture490 . [Plate C-3, 4]

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture490.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture500 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture500
Backmark: blank back (no text), iron back, weak ring around the shank, no other markings, backs are always crudely crimped. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture500 . [PlateC-3, 7], and [Plate C-3, 8], appears to be the same mark, the difference in Tice's photograph is difference in weakness of the stamping.

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture500.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture510 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture510
Backmark: blank back (no text), iron back, ring of dots loosely spaced, two inner solid rings, no marks, back is crudely crimped. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture510 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture510.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture520 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture520
Backmark: blank back (no text), iron back, depressed channel, crude manufacture by southern maker. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture520 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture520.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture530 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture530
Backmark: blank back (no text), iron back, deep rounded channel results in a back that seemsmore convex than most and sometimes referred to as puffback, iron shank,unknown southern manufacture. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture530 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture530.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture540 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture540
Backmark: blank back (no text), slight ring near the rim leaves a very wide channel, crude manufacture by unknownsouthern maker. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture540 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture540.html

Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture550 ###
Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture550
Backmark: blank back (no text), slight ring near the rim leaves a very wide channel, crude manufacture by unknownsouthern maker. Two part convex button, coat size, 20mm to 22mm.
Research Center: Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture550 .

Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-zblankSouthernManufacture550.html



This is the "Ridgeway Civil War Research Center", a research tool for educational purposes only, and is provided at no cost to the reader. Some of the relics listed are retained in the author's collection, most reside in other collections and are not owned by the author. None of the items listed in this section are for sale, please refer to relicman.com sales listings for items offered for sale. This is a work in progress, I list items as I get to them, there are many patterns that are not listed yet, this list will be regularly updated as I get pictures and descriptions for more items. I will also correct mistakes, so if you see any please tell me. All items listed are believed to be authentic to the Civil War or as otherwise described. Any excavated relics have been recovered from private property with owners permission.This information is available for research purposes, pictures may be used by permission only.

Most information on this page is from:
Uniform Buttons of the United States 1776 - 1865, by Warren K.Tice.
Dating buttons; A Chronology of Button Types, Makers, Retailers & Their Backmarks, by Warren K. Tice.
Directory of American Military Goods Dealers & Makers, by Bruce S. Bazelon and William F. Guinn.
Record of American Uniform and Historical Buttons, Bicentennial Edition, by Alphaeus H. Albert.
Pictures are generally by the author, unless otherwise indicated.


Ridgeway Civil War Research Center,
A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War
Buttons
Research center, buttons, click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Button0000-Index.html.

Research center, buttons, click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Button0000-Index.html.

Ridgeway Civil War Research Center,
A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War
Button backmarks.
Research center, button backmarks, click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-000.html.

Research center, button backmarks, click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-000.html.


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