A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War
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Ridgeway Civil War Research Center, A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War |
| Civil War Artillery | |
| by Harry Ridgeway |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design Research Center: Artillery5800-Tennessee,     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5800-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, pattern with smooth sides, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuze, Confederate mountain rifle, 2.25 in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type I, employed three long studs cast into the shell body fitted through the disc sabot, a long bolt apparently secured the copper disc along with a wood dowel. Performance of this sabot was unsatisfactory, typically the studs or the bolt would break on firing releasing or distorting the copper disc sabot. Fuze employed was a wood time fuze, fuze hole is smooth and tapered, the simple to make fuze could easily be hammered into place, Jones Fuzes pg. 2. Projectile measures: diameter 2.2in., length 4in. body, bolt and body 5in. approx), weight 2.5lbs. Research Center: Artillery5811-Tennessee, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 198.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5811-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, pattern with, bourreleted ringed long nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuze, Confederate rifle, 3in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type I, employed three long studs cast into the shell body fitted through the disc sabot, a long bolt apparently secured the copper disc along with a wood dowel. Performance of this sabot was unsatisfactory, typically the studs or the bolt would break on firing releasing or distorting the copper disc sabot. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough , the casting is crude, and the width and depth of the rings also vary by the depth of the milling. Length of nose varies considerably and is partly the result of how much the nose was milled to accommodate the wood fuze . The nose on this pattern is relatively long and the bourrelet rings are typically weak. Fuze employed was a wood time fuze, fuze hole is smooth and tapered, the simple to make fuze could easily be hammered into place, Jones Fuzes pg. 2. Projectile measures: diameter 2.94in., length 9.0 in. overall, body only 7.0in. excluding bolt & studs, weight 7.0lb. Research Center: Artillery5821-Tennessee, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5821-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, pattern with, bourreleted ringed short nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell flush mounted with short bolt, wood time fuze, Confederate rifle, 3in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type I, employed three long studs cast into the shell body fitted through the disc sabot, a short bolt apparently secured the copper disc flush mounted and eliminated the wood dowel used in earlier versions. Performance of this sabot was unsatisfactory, typically the studs or the bolt would break on firing releasing or distorting the copper disc sabot. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough , the casting is crude, and the width and depth of the rings also vary by the depth of the milling. Length of nose varies considerably and is partly the result of how much the nose was milled to accommodate the wood fuze . The nose on this pattern is relatively short and the bourrelet rings are typically strong. Fuze employed was a wood time fuze, fuze hole is smooth and tapered, the simple to make fuze could easily be hammered into place, Jones Fuzes pg. 2. Projectile measures: diameter 2. 94in., length 8in. overall (6.5in. exclude bolt & studs), weight 6lbs. Research Center: Artillery5822-Tennessee, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203.  Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5822-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, pattern with, bourreleted ringed short nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, wood time fuze, Confederate rifle, 3in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type I, employed three long studs cast into the shell body fitted through the disc sabot, a long bolt apparently secured the copper disc along with a wood dowel. Performance of this sabot was unsatisfactory, typically the studs or the bolt would break on firing releasing or distorting the copper disc sabot. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough , the casting is crude, and the width and depth of the rings also vary by the depth of the milling. Length of nose varies considerably and is partly the result of how much the nose was milled to accommodate the wood fuze . The nose on this pattern is relatively short and the bourrelet rings are typically strong. Fuze employed was a wood time fuze, fuze hole is smooth and tapered, the simple to make fuze could easily be hammered into place, Jones Fuzes pg. 2. Projectile measures: diameter 2.94in., length 8in. overall (6.5in. exclude bolt & studs), weight 6lbs. Research Center: Artillery5823-Tennessee, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 203.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5823-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, pattern with, bourreleted ringed short nose, copper grooved disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and long bolt, sabot is notched for flame grooves, brass drive in time fuze, Confederate rifle, 3 in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type I, employed three long studs cast into the shell body fitted through the disc sabot, a long bolt apparently secured the copper disc along with a wood dowel. Performance of this sabot was unsatisfactory, typically the studs or the bolt would break on firing releasing or distorting the copper disc sabot. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough, the casting is crude, and the width and depth of the rings also vary by the depth of the milling. Length of nose varies considerably and is partly the result of how much the nose was milled to accommodate the wood fuze. The nose on this pattern is relatively short and the bourrelet rings are typically weak. Fuze employed was a brass drive in time fuze, fuze hole is smooth and tapered, the metal fuze could be hammered into a smooth hole, the top of the fuze is beveled to a smaller hole at the top, Jones Fuzes pg. 47, upper left. Sabot was notched with three cuts for flame grooves. Projectile measures: diameter 2.94in., overall length 8.0in., shell body only length 6.75in., weight 6.8lbs. Research Center: Artillery5824-Tennessee, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 207.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5824-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture at Marshall Texas, bursting shell, pattern with, four studs, copper disc sabot, wood time fuze, Confederate rifle 3 in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and is believed to have been developed at the Marshall Texas arsenal using the Tennessee design with significant modification. This sabot pattern, employed four short studs and a center stud, the sabot was cast onto the shell, and was not manufactured and separately assembled as was done with the other Tennessee patterns. If the sabot is in place, it will show solid brass across the entire bottom and is distinguished from the similar "Read" pattern that featured a post. Notches were cut from the sabot to serve as flame grooves.. Sides of the shell are smooth, and are similar to other smooth sided shells produced at Marshall and are shorter than the eastern smooth sided Read shells. Fuze employed was a wood time fuze, fuze hole is smooth and tapered, the simple to make fuze could easily be hammered into place, Jones Fuzes pg. 2. Projectile measures: diameter 2. 9in., length 7.75in . overall , weight 7lbs. Research Center: Artillery5825-Tennessee, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 213, as to pattern, not listed in 3in. caliber.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5825-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, pattern with, rounded nose smooth sides, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and flush mounted bolt, wood time fuze, Blakeley 12 pounder rifle, 3.5in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type I, employed three long studs cast into the shell body fitted through the disc sabot, a short bolt secured the copper disc flush mounted. Performance of this sabot was unsatisfactory, typically the studs or the bolt would break on firing releasing or distorting the copper disc sabot. Sides are smooth. Fuze employed was a wood time fuze, fuze hole is smooth and tapered, the simple to make fuze could easily be hammered into place, Jones Fuzes pg. 2. Projectile measures: diameter 3.4in., length 6.5in. shell body, 7.25 overall weight 11.0lbs. Research Center: Artillery5831-Tennessee, Ref: Dickey & George, Field Artillery (1993 Edition), pg. 211.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5831-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, solid bolt, pattern with pointed nose and bourrelet rings, rings milled smooth to convert to smaller caliber, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, Confederate 30 pounder rifle, 4.2 in. Projectile started out as a Tennessee bolt, 4.5in. caliber with bourrelet rings, which would presumably have been intended for a rifled 12 pounder. Although a few of the 12 pounder smoothbores were converted to rifling, this design was not successful and the idea was apparently abandoned early on. This shell was then put on a lathe and cut down sufficient to fit a 30 pounder, 4.2in, this size cannon was more available. Because this was a bolt and not a shell, the reduction in diameter would not compromise the strength of the shell, although the cut did expose one side of the sabot studs, which otherwise would have been embedded within the shell and secured on all sides. Projectile measures: diameter 4.1in., length 7.4in. shell body, 8.5in overall, weight 20.3lbs. Research Center: Artillery5841-Tennessee, Ref: Bell Heavy Ordnance, pg. 402.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5841-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, solid bolt, forged iron smooth sides blunt nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, Confederate rifled 12 pounder rifle, 4.62 in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. This pattern was manufactured from rolled or forged steel, the rolling seams are clearly visible leaving rough sections. This would produce a harder steel than cast iron, and might have been more effective against the ironclads, however it was probably too labor extensive and expensive to produce, so few were produced. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type II, employed three short studs cast into the sabot and fitted into holes drilled on the bottom of the shell, then secured with a center bolt. Performance of this sabot was unsatisfactory, typically the studs or the bolt would break on firing releasing or distorting the copper disc sabot. Projectile measures: diameter 4.53in., length 9in. excluding fuze, weight 35.7lbs. Research Center: Artillery5851-Tennessee, Ref: Bell Heavy Ordnance, pg. 405.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5851-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, pattern with, bourrelet rings, pointed nose, copper disc sabot with iron studs from shell, sabot flush mounted, wood time fuze, Confederate rifled 12 pounder 4.62 in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type I, employed three long studs cast into the shell body fitted through the disc sabot, a short bolt secured the copper disc flush mounted. Performance of this sabot was unsatisfactory, typically the studs or the bolt would break on firing releasing or distorting the copper disc sabot. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough , the casting is crude, and the width and depth of the rings also vary by the depth of the milling. The nose on this pattern is relatively long and the bourrelet rings are typically weak. Fuze employed was a wood time fuze, fuze hole is smooth and tapered, the simple to make fuze could easily be hammered into place, Jones Fuzes pg. 2. Projectile measures: diameter 4.5in., length 11.5in. overall, weight 25lbs. Research Center: Artillery5855-Tennessee, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 406.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5855-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, pattern with bourreleted rings, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell, wood time fuze, rifled 18 pounder rifle, 5.3 in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type I, employed three long studs cast into the shell body fitted through the disc sabot, a long bolt apparently secured the copper disc along with a wood dowel. Performance of this sabot was unsatisfactory, typically the studs or the bolt would break on firing releasing or distorting the copper disc sabot. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough , the casting is crude, and the width and depth of the rings also vary by the depth of the milling. Fuze employed was a wood time fuze, fuze hole is smooth and tapered, the simple to make fuze could easily be hammered into place, Jones Fuzes pg. 2. Projectile measures: diameter 5.25in., length 9.0in. shell body, 10. in. overall, weight 36.3lbs., with partial sabot. Research Center: Artillery5861-Tennessee, Ref: Bell Heavy Ordnance, pg. 409.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5861-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, solid bolt, short pattern with smooth sides, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, rifled 24 pounder rifle, 5.8 in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type II, employed three short studs cast into the sabot and fitted into holes drilled on the bottom of the shell, then secured with a center bolt. Performance of this sabot was unsatisfactory, typically the studs or the bolt would break on firing releasing or distorting the copper disc sabot. Projectile measures: diameter 5.76in., length 8.5in. (excluding fuze), weight 33lbs., with partial sabot. Research Center: Artillery5871-Tennessee, Ref: Bell Heavy Ordnance, pg. 410.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5871-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, solid bolt, short pattern with round nose, bourrelet rings, copper disc cupped sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, rifled 32 pounder or Brooke rifle, 6.4in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type II, employed three studs cast into the sabot and fitted into holes cast into the shell body, secured by a bolt in the center. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough , the top is rounded, it was designed to be used against the Federal ironclads, but was probably judged ineffective, most bolts developed by the Confederacy employed flatter surfaces on top. This relatively short bolt was likely intended for the old 32 pounder smoothbores that had been banded and converted to rifled. Projectile measures: diameter 6.35in., length 11.4in., 10in. without sabot, weight 68lbs. Research Center: Artillery5881-Tennessee, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 412 & 413.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5881-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, solid bolt, short pattern with blunt nose, bourrelet rings, copper disc cupped sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, rifled 32 pounder or Brooke rifle, 6.4in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type II, employed three studs cast into the sabot and fitted into holes cast into the shell body, secured by a bolt in the center. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough , the top is only slightly rounded, this flat top was designed to deliver maximum impact against the Federal ironclads. This relatively short bolt was likely intended for the old 32 pounder smoothbores that had been banded and converted to rifled. Projectile measures: diameter 6. 35in., length 9.25in., weight 65lbs. Research Center: Artillery5882-Tennessee, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 415.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5882-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, short pattern with bourrelet rings, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the shell and flush mounted bolt, copper percussion fuze, rifled 32 pounder, 6.4 in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type I, employed three long studs cast into the shell body fitted through the disc sabot, a short bolt secured the copper disc flush mounted. Performance of this sabot was unsatisfactory, typically the studs or the bolt would break on firing releasing or distorting the copper disc sabot. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough, the casting is crude, and the width and depth of the rings also vary by the depth of the milling. Fuze employed is Archer percussion fu ze , Jones pg. 56 top right . Projectile measures: diameter 6.2in., length 9.5in. body only, weight 50lbs, without sabot. Research Center: Artillery5885-Tennessee, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 418.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5885-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, short pattern with bourrelet rings, rounded nose, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, threaded fuze, rifled 32 pounder, 6.4 in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type II, employed three studs cast into the sabot and fitted into holes cast into the shell body, secured by a bolt in the center. Performance of this sabot was unsatisfactory, typically the studs or the bolt would break on firing releasing or distorting the copper disc sabot. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough, the casting is crude, and the width and depth of the rings also vary by the depth of the milling. Shell is threaded for a fuze, probably Confederate percussion fu ze , Jones pg. 56 top right . Projectile measures: diameter 6.33in., length 9.75 in shell body only, length 11in. (overall with sabot), weight 57lbs. Research Center: Artillery5886-Tennessee, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 420.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5886-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, long pattern with bourrelet rings, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, copper percussion fuze, rifled 32 pounder, 6.4 in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type II, employed three studs cast into the sabot and fitted into holes cast into the shell body, secured by a bolt in the center. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough , nose is pointed, this pattern is long. Fuze employed was the Archer percussion fuze , Jones pg. 62. Projectile measures: diameter 6.3in., length 12.5in., weight 60lbs. Research Center: Artillery5887-Tennessee, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 429, example of this pattern but in 7in.caliber.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5887-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Read design, Confederate manufacture, bourreleted ringed long pattern, iron sabot, re-saboted by adding Mullane or Tennessee copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, Confederate Navy watercap time fuze, Brooke rifle, 6.4 in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured during the war probably employing John Read's design. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough. The nose is relatively pointed, and the width of the bourrelet rings varies considerably, presumably this is operator variance in the finishing process. This shell started out as a long pattern Read, with iron sabot, Bell pg. 347. However the sabot performance was unsatisfactory, and a Tennessee copper disc sabot was installed on this shell by affixing to the bottom scabbed over the iron sabot. Presumably there are studs cast onto the sabot, (type II) and inserted into the shell body, the studs are not visible from the exterior, so it is assumed that there are studs. The sabot is secured with a center bolt, typical of other sabots of this type. Fuze is Confederate Navy watercap, Jones pg. 19. Projectile measures: diameter 6.36in., length 12.5in. (excluding fuze), weight 64lbs. Research Center: Artillery5888-Tennessee, Ref: Bell Heavy Ordnance, pg. 421.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5888-Tennessee.html. |
A0158...Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, fragments.    Fragment of base, 6.4in., shows holes for Type II sabot, (studs protrude from the sabot rather than the shell. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, solid bolt, long pattern with blunt nose, bourrelet rings, copper disc cupped sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, Brooke rifle, 7in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type II, employed three studs cast into the sabot and fitted into holes cast into the shell body, secured by a bolt in the center. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough , the top is only slightly rounded, this flat top was designed to deliver maximum impact against the Federal ironclads. This long bolt was the heaviest of the Confederate bolts and likely intended for the new rifled Brooke rifles. Projectile measures: diameter 6.9in., length 14.25in., weight 123lbs. Research Center: Artillery5891-Tennessee, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 425.  Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5891-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, solid bolt, medium pattern with blunt nose, bourrelet rings, copper disc cupped sabot with 3 studs in the sabot, Brooke rifle, 7in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type II, employed three studs cast into the sabot and fitted into holes cast into the shell body, secured by a bolt in the center. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough , the top is only slightly rounded, this flat top was designed to deliver maximum impact against the Federal ironclads. This median length bolt was intended for the new rifled Brooke rifles. Projectile measures: diameter 6.9in., length 13.25in., weight 118lbs. Research Center: Artillery5892-Tennessee, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 425.    Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5892-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, short pattern with bourrelet rings, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, Archer percussion fuze , Confederate Brooke rifle, 7in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type II, employed three studs cast into the sabot and fitted into holes cast into the shell body, secured by a bolt in the center. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough , nose is pointed, this pattern is short. Fuze employed was the Archer percussion fuze , Jones pg. 55 or 56. Projectile measures: diameter 6.9in., length 13.25in. (excluding fuze), weight 56lbs. Research Center: Artillery5895-Tennessee, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 428.     Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5895-Tennessee.html. |
| Rifled artillery projectile, Tennessee design, Confederate manufacture, bursting shell, long pattern with bourrelet rings, copper disc sabot with 3 studs in the sabot and flush mounted bolt, Archer percussion fuze, Confederate Brooke rifle, 7in. Projectile was Confederate manufactured and was originally believed to have been developed by Mullane working with Read and others, however, updated research has not been able to confirm the existence of a man named Mullane. Period literature often refers to work as the "Tennessee" design, cup, or sabot, and is attributed to Captain Lardner Gibbon, although official recognition for his development was never granted. The sabot system utilized was a copper disc held in place by studs and secured with a center bolt, a manufacturing innovation allowing the parts made of different metals, copper and iron, to be prepared independent and assembled at the end. This sabot pattern, referred to as Type II, employed three studs cast into the sabot and fitted into holes cast into the shell body, secured by a bolt in the center. This pattern utilized two bourrelet rings, as a labor saving device, only the rings had to be accurately machined, the rest could be left rough , nose is pointed, this pattern is long. Fuze employed was the Archer percussion fuze , Jones pg. 62. Projectile measures: diameter 6.95in., length 16in., weight 100lbs. Research Center: Artillery5896-Tennessee, Ref: Bell, Heavy Ordnance, pg. 429.   Details click: http://relicman.com/artillery/Artillery5896-Tennessee.html. |
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