A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War
by Harry Ridgeway
|
Ridgeway Civil War Research Center A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War |
| Civil War Buttons | |
by Harry Ridgeway |
| Backmark-000-Page2 Backmarks page 2, A to G. Research Center: Backmark-000-Page2 . Backmark summary, page 2. Backmarks A to G.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-000-Page2.html |
| Backmark-AcermanMixer000 Acerman & Mixer, New York, 1847 to 1861, Research Center: Backmark-AcermanMixer000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 116.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-AcermanMixer000.html |
| Backmark-AllienHV000 Henry V Allien, partnered with Horstmann before and during the Civil War, Horstman & Allien, Horstmann Brothers & Allien. Approximately 1877, H V Allien opened his own business, all buttons bearing his name, alone, will date after the Civil War. Research Center: Backmark-AllienHV000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 133.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-AllienHV000.html |
| Backmark-AmericanButton000 American Button Co operated Newark New Jersey early 20th century. All buttons bearing their name were produced well after the Civil War. Research Center: Backmark-AmericanButton000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons,page 103.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-AmericanButton000.html |
| Backmark-AmericanUniform000 American Uniform Co., New York, early 20th century. All buttons bearing their name were produced well after the Civil War. Research Center: Backmark-AmericanUniform000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 116.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-AmericanUniform000.html |
| Backmark-Armfield000 Edward Armfield & Sons, or Edward Armfield & Company, Birmingham, England, 1763 to 1975. Research Center: Backmark-Armfield000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, pager 146.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Armfield000.html |
| Backmark-Armitage000 George Armitage was early producer, 1820's, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Research Center: Backmark-Armitage000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 97, thirteen backmarks listed, count the items to correlate with this list.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Armitage000.html |
| Backmark-ArmyNavyButtonCo000 Army Navy Button Co., Waterbury Connecticut 1864 to 1867. Buttons were likely manufactured by Waterbury Button Co. Research Center: Backmark-ArmyNavyButtonCo000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 86.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ArmyNavyButtonCo000.html |
| Backmark-Baldwin000 H E Baldwin & Co, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Newark New Jersey, 1835 to 1852. Research Center: Backmark-Baldwin000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 116.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Baldwin000.html |
| Backmark-BellenotC000 Charles Bellenot was an engraver and die maker operating out of New Orleans. The backmarks are usually blank or weakly struck. A partnership was formed with Frederick Ulrich for short period, a few buttons bearing both of their names was produced during this time Research Center: Backmark-BellenotC000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 181.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-BellenotC000.html |
| Backmark-Benedict000 Benedict & Burnham operated 1830's to 1849. Buttons of this period are noted for very high quality and they produced a lot of civilian buttons. After 1849, buttons were produced by Waterbury Button Co Research Center: Backmark-Benedict000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Benedict000.html |
| Backmark-BestDoubleGilt000 Best Double Gilt, generic or trademark backmark, manufacture not detemined. Research Center: Backmark-BestDoubleGilt000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-BestDoubleGilt000.html |
| Backmark-BestMercury000 Best Mercury, generic or trademark backmark, manufacture not detemined. Research Center: Backmark-BestMercury000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-BestMercury000.html |
| Backmark-BestPlated000 . Best Plated, generic or trademark backmark, manufacture not determined. Research Center: Backmark-BestPlated000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-BestPlated000.html |
| Backmark-BestPlatedLondon000 Best Plated, generic or trademark backmark, manufacture not determined. Research Center: Backmark-BestPlatedLondon000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-BestPlatedLondon000.html |
| Backmark-BestQuality000 Best Quality, generic or trademark backmark, manufacture not detemined. Research Center: Backmark-BestQuality000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-BestQuality000.html |
| Backmark-BestQualityLondon000 Best Quality London, generic or trademark backmark, manufacture not detemined. Research Center: Backmark-BestQualityLondon000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-BestQualityLondon000.html |
| Backmark-BirdWilliam000 William Bird was a manufacturer operating in London England before the war. They apparently supplied a limited quantity of uniforms and buttons to the Confederacy. Research Center: Backmark-BirdWilliam000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 171.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-BirdWilliam000.html |
| Backmark-Boggett000 George Boggett is listed as operating at 50 St. Martins Lane in London, 1826 to 1843. (Bazelon and Guinn). Research Center: Backmark-Boggett000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 148.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Boggett000.html |
| Backmark-Boner000 John Boner operated Cincinnatti Ohio, 1850's to post Civil War. Research Center: Backmark-Boner000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 117.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Boner000.html |
| Backmark-BoylanJohn000 John F Boylan operated late 1860's to early 1900's. Research Center: Backmark-BoylanJohn000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 117.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-BoylanJohn000.html |
| Backmark-BrooksBrothers000 Brooks Brothers, New York, operated 1818 to present and is well known retailer. They supplied military goods during the Civil War. Most brass buttons were subcontracted and manufactured after the War. Some custom jewelry grade buttons were made before the war. Research Center: Backmark-BrooksBrothers000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 117.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-BrooksBrothers000.html |
| Backmark-BuckleyS000 Samuel Buckley & Co, Birmingham England. Research Center: Backmark-BuckleyS000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 171, item 01.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-BuckleyS000.html |
| Backmark-CahillThomas000 Thomas Cahill, Boston Massachusetts. The firm operated 1844 to 1859. Research Center: Backmark-CahillThomas000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page118.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-CahillThomas000.html |
| Backmark-Cairns000 Cairn & Company, Birmingham, England, 1780 to 1820. Research Center: Backmark-Cairns000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 149.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Cairns000.html |
| Backmark-CampbellSIsaacs000 S. Isaacs Campbell was a military goods supplier operating in London England and supplied substantial supplies to the Confederacy, smuggled through the blockade. The buttons are believed to have been made by Smith Kemp Wright. Research Center: Backmark-CampbellSIsaacs000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 175.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-CampbellSIsaacs000.html |
| Backmark-Canfield000 Canfield brothers, located in Baltimore Maryland were outfitters operating before the Civil War, supplying uniforms both North and South. Research Center: Backmark-Canfield000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 189, seventeen backmarks listed, count them to correlate with this listing.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Canfield000.html |
| Backmark-CharletLageste000 Charlet & Lageste, Paris France. No information, American buttons produced after the Civil War. Research Center: Backmark-CharletLageste000 . Pic coming Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-CharletLageste000.html Pic coming . |
| Backmark-Chatwin000 John Chatwin & Sons was a small English producer, manufacturing a limited offering of Confederate buttons. Research Center: Backmark-Chatwin000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 171.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Chatwin000.html |
| Backmark-Cheshire000 Cheshire Manufacturing was formed after the sale of Benedict and Burnham, by Gordon Burnham, in 1850's Research Center: Backmark-Cheshire000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 82.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Cheshire000.html |
| Backmark-CohnHerman000 Herman Cohn Brooklyn New York.operated after the Civil War around 1900. Research Center: Backmark-CohnHerman000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-CohnHerman000.html |
| Backmark-ConningJames000 James Conning operated in Mobile, Alabama before and during the war. Buttons before the war were manufactured by Scovill. Research Center: Backmark-ConningJames000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 119.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ConningJames000.html |
| Backmark-CordierFreres000 Henry et Antione Cordier operated in Paris 1847 to 1865, a special order of Chassier uniforms were supplied to troops from Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and New York in 1862. Research Center: Backmark-CordierFreres000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 150.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-CordierFreres000.html |
| Backmark-CourtneyTennent000 Courtney & Tennent was a military goods dealer operating in Charleston SC. They had direct ties to the English cotton trade, and became an importer of smuggled goods for the Confederacy. The buttons were made by Firmin & Sons. Courtney & Tennent was a military goods dealer operating in Charleston SC, buttons were produced in England. Research Center: Backmark-CourtneyTennent000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 190.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-CourtneyTennent000.html |
| Backmark-Crumpton000 William Crumpton is believed to have immigrated in the 1780's, and eventually set up a button making operation in Philadelphia during the early 1800's. Research Center: Backmark-Crumpton000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 97.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Crumpton000.html |
| Backmark-CullenBrown000 Cullen Brown, located in Detroit Michigan were outfitters operating from 1846 to the late 1860's. Research Center: Backmark-CullenBrown000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 117.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-CullenBrown000.html |
| Backmark-DaleThomasN000 Thomas N. Dale was a retailer operating in New York from 1840 to beyond the Civil War. Research Center: Backmark-DaleThomasN000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 120.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-DaleThomasN000.html |
| Backmark-DelarueJohn000 John Delarue New Orleans is listed in Bazelon as a jeweler 1811 to 1824. Buttons are high quality. Research Center: Backmark-DelarueJohn000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 100.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-DelarueJohn000.html |
| Backmark-Devlin000 Devlin & Co operated New York from 1843 to 20th century. All buttons bearing their name were produced after the Civil War. Research Center: Backmark-Devlin000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 120.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Devlin000.html |
| Backmark-DoubleGilt000 Double Gilt, generic or trademark backmark denoting quality, producer is not determined. Research Center: Backmark-DoubleGilt000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-DoubleGilt000.html |
| Backmark-DowlerW000 W H Dowler operated out of Birmingham England and produced buttons, smuggled through the blockade. Research Center: Backmark-DowlerW000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 172.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-DowlerW000.html |
| Backmark-ELE000 E.L.E. is probably an English outfitter. Research Center: Backmark-ELE000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 151.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ELE000.html |
| Backmark-EvansD000 D Evans & Company, 1848 to 1945. D. Evans took over the bankrupt R & W Robinson company ca 1848. They continued to use many of the Robinson dies and backs well into the 1850's and produced backmarks with their own name, 1850's and 1860's. Research Center: Backmark-EvansD000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 56, thirty six backmarks listed, not numbered so count them to correlate with this listing.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-EvansD000.html |
| Backmark-EvansHassall000 Evans and Hassall, Philadelphia. Research Center: Backmark-EvansHassall000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 121.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-EvansHassall000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraFineGilt000 Extra Fine Gilt, generic or trademark backmark denoting quality, actual maker not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraFineGilt000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraFineGilt000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraGilt000 Extra Gilt, generic or trademark backmark denoting quality, actual maker not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraGilt000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraGilt000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraGoldQuality000 Extra Gold Quality, generic or trademark backmark, maker not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraGoldQuality000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraGoldQuality000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraPlate000 Extra Plate, generic or trademark backmark denoting quality, producer is not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraPlate000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraPlate000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraPlatedSuperior000 Extra Plated Superior, generic or trademark backmark, ca 1830s, maker not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraPlatedSuperior000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraPlatedSuperior000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraQuality-Scovill000 Extra Quality, generic or trademark backmark denoting quality, manufacture by Scovill. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraQuality-Scovill000 . Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraQuality-Scovill000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraQuality-SteeleJohnson000 Extra Quality, generic or trademark backmark, Steele & Johnson manufacture.Extra Quality, generic or trademark backmark, Steele & Johnson manufacture. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraQuality-SteeleJohnson000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraQuality-SteeleJohnson000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraQuality-WaterburyButton000 Extra Quality, generic or trademark backmark, likely manufactured by Waterbury Button Co. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraQuality-WaterburyButton000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 82, (Waterbury Button Co)   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraQuality-WaterburyButton000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraRich000 Extra Rich, generic or trademark backmark denoting quality, producer is not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraRich000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraRich000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraRichBestQuality000 Extra Rich Best Quality, generic or trademark backmark denoting quality, producer is not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraRichBestQuality000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraRichBestQuality000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraRichColour000 Extra Rich Colour, generic or trademark backmark denoting quality, producer is not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraRichColour000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraRichColour000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraRichOrange000 Extra Rich Orange, generic or trademark, manufacturer not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraRichOrange000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraRichOrange000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraRichQuality000 Extra Rich, generic or trademark backmark, likely English manufacture, ca 1830's. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraRichQuality000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraRichQuality000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraRich-Scovill000 Extra Rich, generic or trademark backmark, Scovill manufacture. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraRich-Scovill000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 71, (Scovill Manufacturing).   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraRich-Scovill000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraRich-SteeleJohnson000 Extra Rich, generic or trademark backmark, manufacture not determined, may be Steele & Johnson. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraRich-SteeleJohnson000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraRich-SteeleJohnson000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraRichTrebleGilt000 Extra Rich Treble Gilt, generic or trademark backmark, English manufacture not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraRichTrebleGilt000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraRichTrebleGilt000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraStrong000 Extra Strong, generic or trademark backmark denoting quality, producer is not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraStrong000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraStrong000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraStrongPlated000 Extra Strong Plated, generic or trademark backmark denoting quality, producer is not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraStrongPlated000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraStrongPlated000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraSuperb000 Extra Superb, generic or trademark backmark, manufacture not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraSuperb000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page179.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraSuperb000.html |
| Backmark-ExtraSuperior000 Extra Superior, generic or trademark backmark, manufacture not determined. Research Center: Backmark-ExtraSuperior000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page179.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-ExtraSuperior000.html |
| Backmark-EylandHayden000 Eyland & Hayden, Charleston South Carolina. Probably a jeweler operating in the 1830's, 1840's. Research Center: Backmark-EylandHayden000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 190.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-EylandHayden000.html |
| Backmark-FineGilt000 Fine Gilt, generic or trademark backmark, likely manufacture by Steele & Johnson. Research Center: Backmark-FineGilt000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-FineGilt000.html |
| Backmark-FineGoldPlate000 Fine Gold Plate, generic or trademark backmark, likely manufacture by Steele & Johnson. Research Center: Backmark-FineGoldPlate000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 87 (Steele & Johnson).   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-FineGoldPlate000.html |
| Backmark-FineQuality000 Fine Quality, generic or trademark backmark, thought to be a product of D Evans, Research Center: Backmark-FineQuality000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 56, (D Evans).   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-FineQuality000.html |
| Backmark-FineTrebleGilt000 Fine Treble Gilt, generic or trademark backmark, manufacture not determined. Research Center: Backmark-FineTrebleGilt000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-FineTrebleGilt000.html |
| Backmark-Firmin000 Firmin & Sons operated in London England from the 17th century and continue to operate today. Firmin buttons are noted for the best quality of all of the makers, sharp high relief stampings, tight backs, sturdy construction, jewelry like qualities. Research Center: Backmark-Firmin000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page172, thirteen backmarks listed, count them to correlate to this list.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Firmin000.html |
| Backmark-FitchWaldo000 James P Fitch began military goods business in 1862, and formed a partnership with Howard Waldo in 1863. Research Center: Backmark-FitchWaldo000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 121.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-FitchWaldo000.html |
| Backmark-FloydGeorge000 George Floyd, Philadelphia. He was first listed in 1842, with an address of "11 George". So "George" may be a location and not the name of a partner, however, the buttons appear to indicate that this is a name and not a street. There are various names of "Floyd" operating in Philadelphia area, which operator this is remains a mystery. Buttons bearing this name are found on both political and military patterns, all date to the 1840's. This information is from Bazelen & McGuinn, there does not seem to be a listing in Tice dating buttons. Research Center: Backmark-FloydGeorge000 . Tice, Dating Buttons, shows two examples of backmarks on Plate B-12, however I am unable to find any text listing about this maker.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-FloydGeorge000.html |
| Backmark-Fraser000 . Research Center: Backmark-Fraser000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 122.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Fraser000.html |
| Backmark-GengembrePW000 Phillip William Gengembre, Boston Massachusetts, 1864 to 1865. Buttons were manufactured using a unique shank system. Research Center: Backmark-GengembrePW000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 122.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-GengembrePW000.html |
| Backmark-Gilt000 Gilt, generic or trademark backmark denoting quality, producer is not determined. Research Center: Backmark-Gilt000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Gilt000.html |
| Backmark-GminderJacob000 Jacob Gminder operated during the Civil War, yet most of his buttons bearing his name were supplied after reconstruction. Research Center: Backmark-GminderJacob000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 122, eleven backmarks listed, count them to correlate with this listing. A duplicate and partial list also appears on page 191.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-GminderJacob000.html |
| Backmark-Goddard000 Goddard & Brothers, Newark New Jersey. Goddard was an outfitter, buttons were made by other manufacturers. Research Center: Backmark-Goddard000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page125.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Goddard000.html |
| Backmark-GoldsboroRifles000 Goldsboro Rifles was a North Carolina unit, Scovill originall manufactured a custom backmark for them, but later used the back on other buttons. Research Center: Backmark-GoldsboroRifles000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 71, (Scovill Manufacturing).   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-GoldsboroRifles000.html |
| Backmark-Goodwins000 Goodwins is not listed in either Tice or Bazelon & McGuinn. However based on the style of backmarks, production was after the Civil War. Research Center: Backmark-Goodwins000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Goodwins000.html |
| Backmark-GourdinCie000 Gourdin et Cie was a French maker of high quality buttons. Most buttons supplied to the American Civil War were Naval. Research Center: Backmark-GourdinCie000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page 173.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-GourdinCie000.html |
| Backmark-Gregg000 William Gregg, Charleston South Carolina, 1830's. Eventually became a partner of Hayden Gregg & Co. Research Center: Backmark-Gregg000 . Reference: Tice, Dating Buttons, page125.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Gregg000.html |
| Backmark-Guiterman000 Guiterman & Bro was a custom retailer supplying the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor Michigan. Research Center: Backmark-Guiterman000 .   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-Guiterman000.html |
| Backmark-000-Page3 Backmarks, page 3, H to R. Research Center: Backmark-000-Page3 . Backmark summary, page 3. Backmarks H to R.   Details click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-000-Page3.html |
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| Ridgeway Civil War Research Center, A virtual examination of artifacts of the American Civil War Button backmarks. Research center, button backmarks, click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-000.html.     Research center, button backmarks, click: http://relicman.com/buttons/Backmark-000.html. |
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